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Servo motor

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Servo motor  is an engine that controls the operation of mechanical components in the servo system.
Servo motor can make the control speed, position accuracy is very accurate, can be converted to torque and speed voltage signals to drive the control object. Servo motor rotor speed by the control signal input, and can respond quickly, in automatic control system that is used for the implementation of components, and has small electromechanical time constant, high linearity, initiating voltage characteristics, the received signal is converted into the motor shaft angular velocity or displacement output. DC and AC servo motor is divided into two major categories, the main feature is that when the signal voltage is zero without rotation, speed with the increase of torque and uniform decline.

Operational principle

1, servo system (mechanism servo) is the position and orientation of the object,
An automatic control system that can follow an arbitrary change of the input object (or a given value). Servo depends mainly on the pulse to locate, basically can understand so, servo motor receives a pulse, begins to rotate a pulse corresponds to the angle, thus the displacement, because, servo motor itself has a function of pulse, so servo motor rotates an angle will issued corresponding to the number of pulses, accept it, and servo motor pulse echoes, or call closed loop. In this way, system will know how many pulses to the servo motor, also received a number of pulse back, so that we can accurately control the motor rotation, so as to achieve accurate positioning, can reach 0.001mm. DC servo motor is divided into a brush and brushless motor. The brush motor has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed regulation range, easy control, and need to be maintained, but the maintenance is not convenient, the electromagnetic interference is generated, and the environment is required. So it can be used in cost sensitive general industrial and civil applications.
Brushless motor has small size, light weight, large output, fast response, high speed, small inertia, smooth rotation, and stable torque. Control is complex, easy to realize intelligent, and its electronic commutation method is flexible, can square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. Motor maintenance free, high efficiency, low operating temperature, electromagnetic radiation is very small, long life, can be used for a variety of environments.
2, AC servo motor is brushless motor, divided into synchronous and asynchronous motor, the current motion control is generally used in synchronous motor, its power range, you can do a lot of power. Large inertia, the maximum rotation speed is low, and with the increase of power and rapid reduction. So it is suitable for the application of low speed and stable operation.
3, servo motor rotor is a permanent magnet and drive control of U / V / W three-phase power electromagnetic fields, under the action of this magnetic field of rotor rotation, while the motor comes with encoder feedback signal to drive, drive according to the feedback value is compared to a target value, adjust the rotor rotation angle. Accuracy of the servo motor depends on the accuracy of the encoder (number of lines).
AC servo motor and brushless DC servo motor in the function of the difference: AC servo is better, because it is a sine wave control, torque ripple small. DC servo is a trapezoidal wave. DC servo is simple and cheap.


Development history
Since Rexroth's Indramat division of the German MANNESMANN company in 1978 Hannover Trade Fair
MAC permanent magnet AC servo motor and drive system, which marks the new generation of AC servo technology has entered the practical stage. By the middle of 1980s, the company has a complete series of products. The entire servo device market has turned to the exchange system. Early simulation system is insufficient in aspects such as zero drift, anti-jamming, reliability, accuracy and flexibility, still can not fully meet the requirements of the motion control, in recent years, with the application of microprocessor, a new digital signal processor (DSP), digital control system, the control part can be entirely by software, which are called for DC servo system, three-phase permanent magnet AC servo system.
Up to now, the high performance electric servo system mostly adopts the permanent magnet synchronous AC servo motor, the control driver uses the fast and accurate positioning of the full digital position servo system. Typical manufacturers such as SIEMENS, Kerr Morgan and the United States Germany Japan's Matsushita and Yaskawa company.
Japan Yasukawa motor production has launched a small AC servo motors and drives, which D series applicable to CNC machine tools (maximum speed is 1000r / min, torque is 0.25 ~ 2.8N.m), the R series applicable to robot (the highest speed is 3000r / min, the torque is 0.016 ~ 0.16N.m). After the launch of M, F, S, H, C, G six series. In 1990s has launched a new series of D and R series. By the old series of rectangular wave drive, 8051 single chip control to sine wave drive, 80C, 154CPU and gate array chip control, torque fluctuation from 24% to 7%, and improve the reliability. So, only a few years time formed eight series (power range of 0.05 ~ 6kW) a complete system, to meet the different needs of mechanical work, handling agencies, welding robots, robot assembly, electronic components, processing machinery, printing machine, high speed winding machine, around line machine and so on.
In the production of CNC device and famous Japan FANUC (FANUC) company, in the middle period of the eighties of the 20th century also launched a s series (13 specifications) and l series (five specifications) of permanent magnet AC servo motor. The L series has a small moment of inertia and mechanical time constant, which is suitable for the position servo system with special fast response.
Other Japanese manufacturers. For example: Mitsubishi Motors (HC-KFS, HC-MFS, HC-SFS, HC-RFS and HC-UFS Series), Toshiba Seiki (SM), Okuma, iron industry and trade (BL series), Sanyo Electric (BL) series, stone motor series (s) and many other manufacturers have also entered the permanent magnet AC servo system of the fray.
Germany Rexroth (Rexroth) of the Indramat segment of the MAC series AC servo motor has a total of 7 case No. 92 specifications.
Germany, Siemens) IFT 5 series three-phase permanent magnet AC servo motor is divided into two categories, that is, the standard type and short type, a total of eight seat No. 98 kinds of specifications. Allegedly the series AC servo motor with the same output torque of DC servo motor Ihu series compared to, weight only the latter 1 / 2, supporting the transistor PWM drive 6SC61 series, most can be for six axis motor control.
Germany's BOSCH (BOSCH) Company production of ferrite permanent magnet SD series (17 specifications) and rare earth permanent magnet SE series (8 specifications) AC servo motor and SM Servodyn series driver controller.
The famous American servo device production company Gettys once served as a Gould electronics company Control (Motion Division), the production of M600 series of AC servo motor and A600 series servo drive. After the merger to AEG, restored the name of the Gettys, the introduction of A700 full digital AC servo system.
The United States A-B (Allen-Bradley company driven production segment 1326 ferrite permanent magnet AC servo motor and 1391 AC PWM servo controller. The motor includes a 3 base, a total of 30 specifications.
I.D. (industrial drives) is driving segments of famous American Kollmorgen (Kollmorgen) industry, a total of 41 specifications of production and BR-210, BR-310, BR-510 three series brushless servo motor and BDS3 servo drive. Since 1989, introduced the content of the new series design and this Pirates of the permanent magnet AC servo motor with only Goldline, including the three major categories of B (small inertia), m (inertia) and EB (explosion-proof), 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 five frame size, each category has 42 specifications, all using neodymium iron boron permanent magnetic material and torque range 0.84 ~ 111.2N.m, power range is 0.54 ~ 15.7kW. Supporting the drive with BDS4 (Analog), BDS5 (digital type, including position control) and Drive Smart (digital type) three series, the maximum continuous current 55A. Goldline series represents the latest level of permanent magnet AC servo technology.
Ireland's inland formerly Kollmorgen abroad a division, now merged into the AEG, famous for its production of DC servo motor, DC torque motor and servo amplifier. The production of BHT1100, 2200, 3300 and three, a total of 17 frame sizes of SmCo permanent magnet AC servo motor and controller eight.
France Alsthom group in Paris Parvex plant production LC series (long type) and GC series (short type) AC servo motor a total of 14 specifications, and the production of AXODYN series drives.
The former Soviet Union has developed two series of AC servo motors for CNC machine tools and robot servo control. DHQ by series with the ferrite permanent magnet, two base number, for each frame size, has three core length, each with two winding data, a total of 12 specifications, continuous torque range for 7 ~ 35N.m. The 2 part uses the By series